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On standby, this is useful for slots that are being synced from a primary server (whose synced field is true) so they know when the slot stopped being synchronized.","documented_type":"timestamptz","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this logical slot conflicted with recovery (and so is now invalidated). When this column is true, check invalidation_reason column for the conflict reason. Always NULL for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"invalidation_reason","type":"text","description":"The reason for the slot's invalidation. It is set for both logical and physical slots. NULL if the slot is not invalidated. 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The value of this column has no meaning on the primary server; the column value on the primary is default false for all slots but may (if leftover from a promoted standby) also be true.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/view-pg-replication-slots.html","source_path":"sources/postgresql/17/view-pg-replication-slots.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12257,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"17.11","source_tag":"REL_17_11","source_path":"sources/runtime/17.json","sha256":"653a238d16492defd799badc4120c64fc82adc0f35b8229bc75bbc9082e26f36","download":"/data/runtime/17.json","passed":true}},"18":{"description":"The pg_replication_slots view provides a listing of all replication slots that currently exist on the database cluster, along with their current state.\n\nFor more on replication slots, see Section 26.2.6 and Chapter 47.","columns":[{"name":"slot_name","type":"name","description":"A unique, cluster-wide identifier for the replication slot","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"plugin","type":"name","description":"The base name of the shared object containing the output plugin this logical slot is using, or null for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slot_type","type":"text","description":"The slot type: physical or logical","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datoid","type":"oid","description":"The OID of the database this slot is associated with, or null. Only logical slots have an associated database.","references":"pg_database.oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"database","type":"name","description":"The name of the database this slot is associated with, or null. Only logical slots have an associated database.","references":"pg_database.datname","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temporary","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a temporary replication slot. 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NULL if the LSN of this slot has never been reserved.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confirmed_flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"The address (LSN) up to which the logical slot's consumer has confirmed receiving data. Data corresponding to the transactions committed before this LSN is not available anymore. NULL for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wal_status","type":"text","description":"Availability of WAL files claimed by this slot. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"safe_wal_size","type":"bigint","description":"The number of bytes that can be written to WAL such that this slot is not in danger of getting in state \"lost\". 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NULL if the slot is not invalidated. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failover","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a logical slot enabled to be synced to the standbys so that logical replication can be resumed from the new primary after failover. Always false for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"synced","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a logical slot that was synced from a primary server. On a hot standby, the slots with the synced column marked as true can neither be used for logical decoding nor dropped manually. The value of this column has no meaning on the primary server; the column value on the primary is default false for all slots but may (if leftover from a promoted standby) also be true.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/view-pg-replication-slots.html","source_path":"sources/postgresql/18/view-pg-replication-slots.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12261,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"18.6","source_tag":"REL_18_6","source_path":"sources/runtime/18.json","sha256":"e5d02941f7df86ec76afd1483b9f4e940c2c145a900bb1bf32b4feff992800bf","download":"/data/runtime/18.json","passed":true}},"19":{"description":"The pg_replication_slots view provides a listing of all replication slots that currently exist on the database cluster, along with their current state.\n\nFor more on replication slots, see Section 26.2.6 and Chapter 47.","columns":[{"name":"slot_name","type":"name","description":"A unique, cluster-wide identifier for the replication slot","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"plugin","type":"name","description":"The base name of the shared object containing the output plugin this logical slot is using, or null for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slot_type","type":"text","description":"The slot type: physical or logical","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datoid","type":"oid","description":"The OID of the database this slot is associated with, or null. 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VACUUM cannot remove tuples deleted by any later transaction.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"catalog_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The oldest transaction affecting the system catalogs that this slot needs the database to retain. VACUUM cannot remove catalog tuples deleted by any later transaction.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"restart_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot and thus won't be automatically removed during checkpoints unless this LSN gets behind more than max_slot_wal_keep_size from the current LSN. NULL if the LSN of this slot has never been reserved.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confirmed_flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"The address (LSN) up to which the logical slot's consumer has confirmed receiving data. Data corresponding to the transactions committed before this LSN is not available anymore. NULL for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wal_status","type":"text","description":"Availability of WAL files claimed by this slot. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"safe_wal_size","type":"bigint","description":"The number of bytes that can be written to WAL such that this slot is not in danger of getting in state \"lost\". It is NULL for lost slots, as well as if max_slot_wal_keep_size is -1.","documented_type":"int8","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"two_phase","type":"boolean","description":"True if the slot is enabled for decoding prepared transactions. Always false for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"two_phase_at","type":"pg_lsn","description":"The address (LSN) from which the decoding of prepared transactions is enabled. NULL for logical slots where two_phase is false and for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"inactive_since","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"The time when the slot became inactive. NULL if the slot is currently being streamed. If the slot becomes invalid, this value will never be updated. For standby slots that are being synced from a primary server (whose synced field is true), the inactive_since indicates the time when slot synchronization (see Section 47.2.3) was most recently stopped. NULL if the slot has always been synchronized. This helps standby slots track when synchronization was interrupted.","documented_type":"timestamptz","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this logical slot conflicted with recovery (and so is now invalidated). When this column is true, check invalidation_reason column for the conflict reason. Always NULL for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"invalidation_reason","type":"text","description":"The reason for the slot's invalidation. It is set for both logical and physical slots. NULL if the slot is not invalidated. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failover","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a logical slot enabled to be synced to the standbys so that logical replication can be resumed from the new primary after failover. Always false for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"synced","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a logical slot that was synced from a primary server. On a hot standby, the slots with the synced column marked as true can neither be used for logical decoding nor dropped manually. The value of this column has no meaning on the primary server; the column value on the primary is default false for all slots but may (if leftover from a promoted standby) also be true.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slotsync_skip_reason","type":"text","description":"The reason for the last slot synchronization skip. Slot synchronization occurs only on standby servers and thus this column has no meaning on the primary server. It is relevant mainly for logical slots on standby servers whose synced field is true. It is NULL if slot synchronization is successful. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/19/view-pg-replication-slots.html","source_path":"sources/postgresql/19/view-pg-replication-slots.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12283,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"19beta3","source_tag":"REL_19_BETA3","source_path":"sources/runtime/19.json","sha256":"2d1f0c65a5fa656dc86cb9648f80baee3654b976dc6ba69190cd1d49c61e6d9a","download":"/data/runtime/19.json","passed":true}}},"changes":[{"from":"9.3","to":"9.4","status":"added","added_columns":[{"name":"slot_name","type":"name","description":"A unique, cluster-wide identifier for the replication slot","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"plugin","type":"name","description":"The base name of the shared object containing the output plugin this logical slot is using, or null for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slot_type","type":"text","description":"The slot type - physical or logical","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datoid","type":"oid","description":"The OID of the database this slot is associated with, or null. Only logical slots have an associated database.","references":"pg_database.oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"database","type":"name","description":"The name of the database this slot is associated with, or null. Only logical slots have an associated database.","references":"pg_database.datname","documented_type":"text","schema_note":"SQL type calibrated against format_type in a fresh instance of the exact release; original documentation spelling is retained.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"active","type":"boolean","description":"True if this slot is currently actively being used","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xmin","type":"xid","description":"The oldest transaction that this slot needs the database to retain. VACUUM cannot remove tuples deleted by any later transaction.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"catalog_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The oldest transaction affecting the system catalogs that this slot needs the database to retain. VACUUM cannot remove catalog tuples deleted by any later transaction.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"restart_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot and thus won't be automatically removed during checkpoints.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.4","to":"9.5","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"active_pid","type":"integer","description":"The process ID of the session using this slot if the slot is currently actively being used. NULL if inactive.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.5","to":"9.6","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"confirmed_flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"The address (LSN) up to which the logical slot's consumer has confirmed receiving data. Data older than this is not available anymore. NULL for physical slots.","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.6","to":"10","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"temporary","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a temporary replication slot. Temporary slots are not saved to disk and are automatically dropped on error or when the session has finished.","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"10","to":"11","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"restart_lsn","from":"The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot and thus won't be automatically removed during checkpoints.","to":"The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot and thus won't be automatically removed during checkpoints. NULL if the LSN of this slot has never been reserved."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"11","to":"12","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"12","to":"13","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"wal_status","type":"text","description":"Availability of WAL files claimed by this slot. Possible values are: The last two states are seen only when max_slot_wal_keep_size is non-negative.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"safe_wal_size","type":"bigint","description":"The number of bytes that can be written to WAL such that this slot is not in danger of getting in state \"lost\". It is NULL for lost slots, as well as if max_slot_wal_keep_size is -1.","documented_type":"int8","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"restart_lsn","from":"The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot and thus won't be automatically removed during checkpoints. NULL if the LSN of this slot has never been reserved.","to":"The address (LSN) of oldest WAL which still might be required by the consumer of this slot and thus won't be automatically removed during checkpoints unless this LSN gets behind more than max_slot_wal_keep_size from the current LSN. NULL if the LSN of this slot has never been reserved."},{"name":"slot_type","from":"The slot type - physical or logical","to":"The slot type: physical or logical"}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"13","to":"14","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"two_phase","type":"boolean","description":"True if the slot is enabled for decoding prepared transactions. Always false for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"15","to":"16","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"conflicting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this logical slot conflicted with recovery (and so is now invalidated). Always NULL for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"confirmed_flush_lsn","from":"The address (LSN) up to which the logical slot's consumer has confirmed receiving data. Data older than this is not available anymore. NULL for physical slots.","to":"The address (LSN) up to which the logical slot's consumer has confirmed receiving data. Data corresponding to the transactions committed before this LSN is not available anymore. NULL for physical slots."},{"name":"wal_status","from":"Availability of WAL files claimed by this slot. Possible values are: The last two states are seen only when max_slot_wal_keep_size is non-negative.","to":"Availability of WAL files claimed by this slot. Possible values are:"}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"16","to":"17","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"inactive_since","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"The time when the slot became inactive. NULL if the slot is currently being streamed. Note that for slots on the standby that are being synced from a primary server (whose synced field is true), the inactive_since indicates the time when slot synchronization (see Section 47.2.3) was most recently stopped. NULL if the slot has always been synchronized. On standby, this is useful for slots that are being synced from a primary server (whose synced field is true) so they know when the slot stopped being synchronized.","documented_type":"timestamptz","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"invalidation_reason","type":"text","description":"The reason for the slot's invalidation. It is set for both logical and physical slots. NULL if the slot is not invalidated. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failover","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a logical slot enabled to be synced to the standbys so that logical replication can be resumed from the new primary after failover. Always false for physical slots.","documented_type":"bool","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"synced","type":"boolean","description":"True if this is a logical slot that was synced from a primary server. On a hot standby, the slots with the synced column marked as true can neither be used for logical decoding nor dropped manually. 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Furthermore, these columns are only visible if the user examining the view is a superuser or the same as the user owning the process being reported on.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.datid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"D.datname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_database.datname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/catalog-pg-database.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"procpid","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.procpid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.usesysid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"U.rolname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_authid.rolname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/catalog-pg-authid.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.application_name","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","type_oid":869,"description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_addr","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_port","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.backend_start","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.xact_start","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active , when the last query was started","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.query_start","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"waiting","type":"boolean","type_oid":16,"description":"True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.waiting","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"current_query","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.current_query","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3024"},"hidden":false,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L330","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_0_23","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.0/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":13,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11058,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.0.23","source_tag":"REL9_0_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.0.json","sha256":"6139872c8de09100e6a78d61dfe2772a7bf0db644bdee9a580993294c37b94f8","download":"/data/runtime/9.0.json","passed":true}},"9.1":{"description":"One row per server process, showing database OID, database name, process ID , user OID, user name, application name, client's address, host name (if available), and port number, times at which the server process, current transaction, and current query began execution, process's waiting status, and text of the current query. The columns that report data on the current query are available unless the parameter track_activities has been turned off. Furthermore, these columns are only visible if the user examining the view is a superuser or the same as the user owning the process being reported on. The client's host name will be available only if log_hostname is set or if the user's host name needed to be looked up during pg_hba.conf processing.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.datid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"D.datname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_database.datname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-database.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"procpid","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.procpid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.usesysid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"U.rolname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_authid.rolname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-authid.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.application_name","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","type_oid":869,"description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_addr","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr . This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_hostname","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_port","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.backend_start","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"waiting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":16,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11165,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"waiting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":16,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11186,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"waiting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":18,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11283,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"waiting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":18,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11772,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLockNamed: The backend is waiting for a specific named lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain the name of the lightweight lock. LWLockTranche: The backend is waiting for one of a group of related lightweight locks. All locks in the group perform a similar function; wait_event will identify the general purpose of locks in that group. Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28-4 for details.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11797,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLock: The backend is waiting for a lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain a name identifying the purpose of the lightweight lock. (Some locks have specific names; others are part of a group of locks each with a similar purpose.) Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question. Activity: The server process is idle. This is used by system processes waiting for activity in their main processing loop. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Extension: The server process is waiting for activity in an extension module. This category is useful for modules to track custom waiting points. Client: The server process is waiting for some activity on a socket from user applications, and that the server expects something to happen that is independent from its internal processes. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IPC: The server process is waiting for some activity from another process in the server. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Timeout: The server process is waiting for a timeout to expire. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IO: The server process is waiting for a IO to complete. wait_event will identify the specific wait point.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4 for details.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, background worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11682,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLock: The backend is waiting for a lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain a name identifying the purpose of the lightweight lock. (Some locks have specific names; others are part of a group of locks each with a similar purpose.) Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question. Activity: The server process is idle. This is used by system processes waiting for activity in their main processing loop. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Extension: The server process is waiting for activity in an extension module. This category is useful for modules to track custom waiting points. Client: The server process is waiting for some activity on a socket from user applications, and that the server expects something to happen that is independent from its internal processes. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IPC: The server process is waiting for some activity from another process in the server. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Timeout: The server process is waiting for a timeout to expire. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IO: The server process is waiting for a IO to complete. wait_event will identify the specific wait point.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4 for details.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11750,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLock: The backend is waiting for a lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain a name identifying the purpose of the lightweight lock. (Some locks have specific names; others are part of a group of locks each with a similar purpose.) Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question. Activity: The server process is idle. This is used by system processes waiting for activity in their main processing loop. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Extension: The server process is waiting for activity in an extension module. This category is useful for modules to track custom waiting points. Client: The server process is waiting for some activity on a socket from user applications, and that the server expects something to happen that is independent from its internal processes. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IPC: The server process is waiting for some activity from another process in the server. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Timeout: The server process is waiting for a timeout to expire. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IO: The server process is waiting for a IO to complete. wait_event will identify the specific wait point.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4 for details.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12248,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader, if this process is a parallel query worker. NULL if this process is a parallel group leader or does not participate in parallel query.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_13_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":21,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12250,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"13.23","source_tag":"REL_13_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/13.json","sha256":"1128c8c796527aba4c5afab7f124048cbc2d967bf732f00d0fac9ccc52dc09ac","download":"/data/runtime/13.json","passed":true}},"14":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader, if this process is a parallel query worker. NULL if this process is a parallel group leader or does not participate in parallel query.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.5 through Table 28.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_14_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":22,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12435,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"14.24","source_tag":"REL_14_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/14.json","sha256":"a25b938143c5125bfde6d25e4cd5aed449d19541061f26ed83d315bc4ba93d5a","download":"/data/runtime/14.json","passed":true}},"15":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader, if this process is a parallel query worker. NULL if this process is a parallel group leader or does not participate in parallel query.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.5 through Table 28.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_15_19/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":22,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12222,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"15.19","source_tag":"REL_15_19","source_path":"sources/runtime/15.json","sha256":"d469cb73c6b268f38fb37f7023e41008cb63a56f2cb4c2df0bf529bc510fe459","download":"/data/runtime/15.json","passed":true}},"16":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader if this process is a parallel query worker, or process ID of the leader apply worker if this process is a parallel apply worker. NULL indicates that this process is a parallel group leader or leader apply worker, or does not participate in any parallel operation.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.5 through Table 28.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 74.1.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_16_15/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":22,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12222,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"16.15","source_tag":"REL_16_15","source_path":"sources/runtime/16.json","sha256":"f87a8cf739ef163be7d1f100058c92d656451325e603c920151f7dcaa5834a10","download":"/data/runtime/16.json","passed":true}},"17":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere are examples of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader if this process is a parallel query worker, or process ID of the leader apply worker if this process is a parallel apply worker. NULL indicates that this process is a parallel group leader or leader apply worker, or does not participate in any parallel operation.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 66.1.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender, walwriter and walsummarizer. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/17/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_17_11/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/17/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":22,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12222,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"17.11","source_tag":"REL_17_11","source_path":"sources/runtime/17.json","sha256":"653a238d16492defd799badc4120c64fc82adc0f35b8229bc75bbc9082e26f36","download":"/data/runtime/17.json","passed":true}},"18":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere are examples of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader if this process is a parallel query worker, or process ID of the leader apply worker if this process is a parallel apply worker. NULL indicates that this process is a parallel group leader or leader apply worker, or does not participate in any parallel operation.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 67.1.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender, walwriter and walsummarizer. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/18/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_18_6/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/18/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":22,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12226,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"18.6","source_tag":"REL_18_6","source_path":"sources/runtime/18.json","sha256":"e5d02941f7df86ec76afd1483b9f4e940c2c145a900bb1bf32b4feff992800bf","download":"/data/runtime/18.json","passed":true}},"19":{"description":"The pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere are examples of how wait events can be viewed:","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of the database this backend is connected to","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader if this process is a parallel query worker, or process ID of the leader apply worker if this process is a parallel apply worker. NULL indicates that this process is a parallel group leader or leader apply worker, or does not participate in any parallel operation.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this backend. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. If the current query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the query_start column.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 67.1.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender, walwriter and walsummarizer. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":22,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/19/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/19/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_19_BETA3/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/19/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":22,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12240,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"19beta3","source_tag":"REL_19_BETA3","source_path":"sources/runtime/19.json","sha256":"2d1f0c65a5fa656dc86cb9648f80baee3654b976dc6ba69190cd1d49c61e6d9a","download":"/data/runtime/19.json","passed":true}}},"changes":[{"from":"9.0","to":"9.1","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr . This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_hostname","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.1","to":"9.2","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of this backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state_change","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when the state was last changed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"query","type":"text","description":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[{"name":"procpid","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.procpid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"current_query","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L489","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.current_query","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"hidden":false,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"client_hostname","from":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr . This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","to":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled."},{"name":"query_start","from":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active , when the last query was started","to":"Time when the currently active query was started, or if state is not active, when the last query was started"}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.3","to":"9.4","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"backend_xid","type":"xid","description":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"The current backend's xmin horizon.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.4","to":"9.5","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"9.5","to":"9.6","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"wait_event_type","type":"text","description":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLockNamed: The backend is waiting for a specific named lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain the name of the lightweight lock. LWLockTranche: The backend is waiting for one of a group of related lightweight locks. All locks in the group perform a similar function; wait_event will identify the general purpose of locks in that group. Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"wait_event","type":"text","description":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28-4 for details.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[{"name":"waiting","type":"boolean","description":"True if this backend is currently waiting on a lock","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.6","to":"10","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"backend_type","type":"text","description":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, background worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"backend_start","from":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to the server","to":"Time when this process was started. For client backends, this is the time the client connected to the server."},{"name":"query","from":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed.","to":"Text of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024 bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter track_activity_query_size."},{"name":"wait_event","from":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28-4 for details.","to":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4 for details."},{"name":"wait_event_type","from":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLockNamed: The backend is waiting for a specific named lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain the name of the lightweight lock. LWLockTranche: The backend is waiting for one of a group of related lightweight locks. All locks in the group perform a similar function; wait_event will identify the general purpose of locks in that group. Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question.","to":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLock: The backend is waiting for a lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain a name identifying the purpose of the lightweight lock. (Some locks have specific names; others are part of a group of locks each with a similar purpose.) Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question. Activity: The server process is idle. This is used by system processes waiting for activity in their main processing loop. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Extension: The server process is waiting for activity in an extension module. This category is useful for modules to track custom waiting points. Client: The server process is waiting for some activity on a socket from user applications, and that the server expects something to happen that is independent from its internal processes. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IPC: The server process is waiting for some activity from another process in the server. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Timeout: The server process is waiting for a timeout to expire. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IO: The server process is waiting for a IO to complete. wait_event will identify the specific wait point."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"10","to":"11","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"backend_type","from":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, background worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter.","to":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"11","to":"12","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"wait_event","from":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4 for details.","to":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4 for details."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"12","to":"13","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"leader_pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the parallel group leader, if this process is a parallel query worker. NULL if this process is a parallel group leader or does not participate in parallel query.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"client_port","from":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","to":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this backend, or -1 if a Unix socket is used. If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process."},{"name":"state","from":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are: active: The backend is executing a query. idle: The backend is waiting for a new client command. idle in transaction: The backend is in a transaction, but is not currently executing a query. idle in transaction (aborted): This state is similar to idle in transaction, except one of the statements in the transaction caused an error. fastpath function call: The backend is executing a fast-path function. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend.","to":"Current overall state of this backend. Possible values are:"},{"name":"wait_event","from":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4 for details.","to":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13."},{"name":"wait_event_type","from":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. Possible values are: LWLock: The backend is waiting for a lightweight lock. Each such lock protects a particular data structure in shared memory. wait_event will contain a name identifying the purpose of the lightweight lock. (Some locks have specific names; others are part of a group of locks each with a similar purpose.) Lock: The backend is waiting for a heavyweight lock. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However, they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal operations such as relation extension. wait_event will identify the type of lock awaited. BufferPin: The server process is waiting to access to a data buffer during a period when no other process can be examining that buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if another process holds an open cursor which last read data from the buffer in question. Activity: The server process is idle. This is used by system processes waiting for activity in their main processing loop. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Extension: The server process is waiting for activity in an extension module. This category is useful for modules to track custom waiting points. Client: The server process is waiting for some activity on a socket from user applications, and that the server expects something to happen that is independent from its internal processes. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IPC: The server process is waiting for some activity from another process in the server. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. Timeout: The server process is waiting for a timeout to expire. wait_event will identify the specific wait point. IO: The server process is waiting for a IO to complete. wait_event will identify the specific wait point.","to":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"13","to":"14","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"query_id","type":"bigint","description":"Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this field will be null unless compute_query_id parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query identifiers is configured.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"backend_type","from":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","to":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types."},{"name":"wait_event","from":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13.","to":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.5 through Table 28.13."},{"name":"wait_event_type","from":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4.","to":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"15","to":"16","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"backend_type","from":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","to":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types."},{"name":"backend_xid","from":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.","to":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 74.1."},{"name":"leader_pid","from":"Process ID of the parallel group leader, if this process is a parallel query worker. NULL if this process is a parallel group leader or does not participate in parallel query.","to":"Process ID of the parallel group leader if this process is a parallel query worker, or process ID of the leader apply worker if this process is a parallel apply worker. NULL indicates that this process is a parallel group leader or leader apply worker, or does not participate in any parallel operation."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"16","to":"17","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"backend_type","from":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender and walwriter. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types.","to":"Type of current backend. Possible types are autovacuum launcher, autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, logical replication worker, parallel worker, background writer, client backend, checkpointer, archiver, standalone backend, startup, walreceiver, walsender, walwriter and walsummarizer. In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have additional types."},{"name":"backend_xid","from":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 74.1.","to":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 66.1."},{"name":"wait_event","from":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 28.5 through Table 28.13.","to":"Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL. See Table 27.5 through Table 27.13."},{"name":"wait_event_type","from":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 28.4.","to":"The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any; otherwise NULL. See Table 27.4."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"17","to":"18","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"backend_xid","from":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 66.1.","to":"Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any; see Section 67.1."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false}]},{"name":"pg_stat_all_indexes","kind":"statistics","summary":"One row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. See pg_stat_all_indexes for details.","first_version":"9.0","last_version":"19","versions":{"9.0":{"description":"For each index in the current database, the table and index OID, schema, table and index name, number of index scans initiated on that index, number of index entries returned by index scans, and number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using that index.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the table for this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"C.oid","method":"catalog_oid_system_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.oid"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"I.oid","method":"catalog_oid_system_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.oid"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the schema this index is in","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"N.nspname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_namespace.nspname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/catalog-pg-namespace.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the table for this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"C.relname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.relname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/catalog-pg-class.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"I.relname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.relname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/catalog-pg-class.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_numscans(I.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_numscans","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2992"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_returned(I.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_returned","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2994"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(I.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2996"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L256","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_0_23","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.0/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11029,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.0.23","source_tag":"REL9_0_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.0.json","sha256":"6139872c8de09100e6a78d61dfe2772a7bf0db644bdee9a580993294c37b94f8","download":"/data/runtime/9.0.json","passed":true}},"9.1":{"description":"For each index in the current database, the table and index OID, schema, table and index name, number of index scans initiated on that index, number of index entries returned by index scans, and number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using that index.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the table for this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"C.oid","method":"catalog_oid_system_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.oid"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"I.oid","method":"catalog_oid_system_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.oid"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the schema this index is in","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"N.nspname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_namespace.nspname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-namespace.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the table for this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"C.relname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.relname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-class.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"I.relname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.relname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-class.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_numscans(I.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_numscans","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2507"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_returned(I.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_returned","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2509"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(I.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2511"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L415","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.1/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11066,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.1.24","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.1.json","sha256":"cc91915f2ee13a93e1d465c259e56cd77b83b10f984ec2a363292bc5dff0c460","download":"/data/runtime/9.1.json","passed":true}},"9.2":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11135,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11156,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11253,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11742,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11767,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11652,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index entries returned by scans on this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11720,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. 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existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_numscans(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_numscans","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2507"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_returned(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_returned","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2509"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of index scans initiated on this table","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"sum(pg_stat_get_numscans(I.indexrelid))::bigint","method":"explicit_bigint_cast_and_bigint_arithmetic","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_numscans","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2507"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of live rows fetched by index scans","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"sum(pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(I.indexrelid))::bigint + pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched(C.oid)","method":"explicit_bigint_cast_and_bigint_arithmetic","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2511"},{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2511"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_ins","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows inserted","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2513"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_upd","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows updated","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_updated(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_updated","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2515"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_del","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows deleted","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_deleted(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_deleted","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2517"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_hot_upd","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows HOT updated (i.e., with no separate index update required)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_tuples_hot_updated(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_tuples_hot_updated","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2519"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_live_tup","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Estimated number of live rows","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_live_tuples(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_live_tuples","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2521"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_dead_tup","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Estimated number of dead rows","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_dead_tuples(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_dead_tuples","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2523"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_vacuum","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL )","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_last_vacuum_time(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_last_vacuum_time","return_oid":1184,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2529"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_autovacuum","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Last time at which this table was vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_last_autovacuum_time(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_last_autovacuum_time","return_oid":1184,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2531"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_analyze","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Last time at which this table was manually analyzed","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time","return_oid":1184,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2533"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_autoanalyze","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Last time at which this table was analyzed by the autovacuum daemon","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_last_autoanalyze_time(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_last_autoanalyze_time","return_oid":1184,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2535"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"vacuum_count","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL )","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_vacuum_count(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_vacuum_count","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2537"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"autovacuum_count","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_autovacuum_count(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_autovacuum_count","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2539"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"analyze_count","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of times this table has been manually analyzed","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_analyze_count(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_analyze_count","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2541"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"autoanalyze_count","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum daemon","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_autoanalyze_count(C.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_autoanalyze_count","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2543"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":21,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L310","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.1/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":21,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11034,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.1.24","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.1.json","sha256":"cc91915f2ee13a93e1d465c259e56cd77b83b10f984ec2a363292bc5dff0c460","download":"/data/runtime/9.1.json","passed":true}},"9.2":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential 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with time zone","description":"Last time at which this table was vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_analyze","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Last time at which this table was manually analyzed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_autoanalyze","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Last time at which this table was analyzed by the autovacuum daemon","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"vacuum_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"autovacuum_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this table has 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential 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with time zone","description":"Last time at which this table was vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_analyze","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Last time at which this table was manually analyzed","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_autoanalyze","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Last time at which this table was analyzed by the autovacuum daemon","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"vacuum_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"autovacuum_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this table has 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential 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There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential 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There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential 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There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential 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There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of sequential scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"seq_tup_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_scan","type":"bigint","description":"Number of index scans initiated on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_tup_fetch","type":"bigint","description":"Number of live rows fetched by index scans","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_ins","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_upd","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated (includes HOT updated rows)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"n_tup_del","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows 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There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. 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However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. 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There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"archived_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the last WAL file successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last successful archive operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failed_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the WAL file of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11801,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"archived_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the last WAL file successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last successful archive operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failed_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the WAL file of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11829,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"archived_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the last WAL file successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last successful archive operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failed_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the WAL file of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11717,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"archived_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the last WAL file successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last successful archive operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failed_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the WAL file of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last failed archival operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11785,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"archived_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the last WAL file successfully archived","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_archived_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of the last successful archive operation","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"failed_count","type":"bigint","description":"Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_failed_wal","type":"text","description":"Name of the 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The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11185,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11206,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11311,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11804,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11832,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11720,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a backend","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend_fsync","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_alloc","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers allocated","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11788,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"checkpoints_timed","type":"bigint","description":"Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoints_req","type":"bigint","description":"Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"checkpoint_sync_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_checkpoint","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written during checkpoints","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written by the background writer","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"maxwritten_clean","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"buffers_backend","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffers written directly by a 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This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_numbackends(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_numbackends","return_oid":23,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2573"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_xact_commit(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_xact_commit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2575"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_xact_rollback(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_xact_rollback","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2577"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_blocks_fetched(D.oid) - pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_blocks_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2579"},{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2581"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2581"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_returned(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_returned","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2583"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_fetched(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2585"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_inserted(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_inserted","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2587"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L531","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_updated(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_tuples_updated","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2589"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11171,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11192,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11294,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11787,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11815,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11703,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database. This is the only column in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_commit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been committed","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"xact_rollback","type":"bigint","description":"Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_returned","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows returned by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_fetched","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows fetched by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_inserted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows inserted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_updated","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows updated by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tup_deleted","type":"bigint","description":"Number of rows deleted by queries in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conflicts","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see pg_stat_database_conflicts for details.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_files","type":"bigint","description":"Number of temporary files created by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"temp_bytes","type":"bigint","description":"Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the log_temp_files setting.","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"deadlocks","type":"bigint","description":"Number of deadlocks detected in this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_read_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blk_write_time","type":"double precision","description":"Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"stats_reset","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time at which these statistics were last reset","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11771,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this database, or 0 for objects belonging to a shared relation","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database, or NULL for the shared objects.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"numbackends","type":"integer","description":"Number of backends currently connected to this database, or NULL for the shared objects. 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existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L550","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_conflict_snapshot(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_conflict_snapshot","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2597"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L550","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_conflict_bufferpin(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_conflict_bufferpin","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2599"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L550","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_db_conflict_startup_deadlock(D.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_db_conflict_startup_deadlock","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2601"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L550","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.1/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11104,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.1.24","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.1.json","sha256":"cc91915f2ee13a93e1d465c259e56cd77b83b10f984ec2a363292bc5dff0c460","download":"/data/runtime/9.1.json","passed":true}},"9.2":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11174,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11195,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11297,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11790,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11818,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11706,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11774,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"datid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a database","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"datname","type":"name","description":"Name of this database","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_tablespace","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_lock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_snapshot","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_bufferpin","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"confl_deadlock","type":"bigint","description":"Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12276,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. 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See pg_stat_gssapi for details.","first_version":"12","last_version":"19","versions":{"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. 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See pg_stat_replication for details.","first_version":"9.1","last_version":"19","versions":{"9.1":{"description":"One row per WAL sender process, showing process ID , user OID, user name, application name, client's address, host name (if available) and port number, time at which the server process began execution, and the current WAL sender state and transaction log location. In addition, the standby reports the last transaction log position it received and wrote, the last position it flushed to disk, and the last position it replayed, and this information is also displayed here. If the standby's application names matches one of the settings in synchronous_standby_names then the sync_priority is shown here also, that is the order in which standbys will become the synchronous standby. The columns detailing what exactly the connection is doing are only visible if the user examining the view is a superuser. The client's host name will be available only if log_hostname is set or if the user's host name needed to be looked up during pg_hba.conf processing.","columns":[{"name":"procpid","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.procpid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"hidden":false,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.usesysid","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"U.rolname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_authid.rolname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-authid.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.application_name","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","type_oid":869,"description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_addr","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr . This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_hostname","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.client_port","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","type_oid":1184,"description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"S.backend_start","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_activity","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2547"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Current WAL sender state","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.state","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.sent_location","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.write_location","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_location","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.flush_location","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_location","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this standby server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.replay_location","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","type_oid":23,"description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.sync_priority","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Synchronous state of this standby server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.sync_state","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.1/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":15,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11098,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.1.24","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.1.json","sha256":"cc91915f2ee13a93e1d465c259e56cd77b83b10f984ec2a363292bc5dff0c460","download":"/data/runtime/9.1.json","passed":true}},"9.2":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":15,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11168,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_location","type":"text","description":"Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":15,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11189,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":16,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11287,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":16,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11776,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_location","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":16,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11801,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are: startup: This WAL sender is starting up. catchup: This WAL sender's connected standby is catching up with the primary. streaming: This WAL sender is streaming changes after its connected standby server has caught up with the primary. backup: This WAL sender is sending a backup. stopping: This WAL sender is stopping.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are: async: This standby server is asynchronous. potential: This standby server is now asynchronous, but can potentially become synchronous if one of current synchronous ones fails. sync: This standby server is synchronous. quorum: This standby server is considered as a candidate for quorum standbys.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11686,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are: startup: This WAL sender is starting up. catchup: This WAL sender's connected standby is catching up with the primary. streaming: This WAL sender is streaming changes after its connected standby server has caught up with the primary. backup: This WAL sender is sending a backup. stopping: This WAL sender is stopping.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are: async: This standby server is asynchronous. potential: This standby server is now asynchronous, but can potentially become synchronous if one of current synchronous ones fails. sync: This standby server is synchronous. quorum: This standby server is considered as a candidate for quorum standbys.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":19,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11754,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are: startup: This WAL sender is starting up. catchup: This WAL sender's connected standby is catching up with the primary. streaming: This WAL sender is streaming changes after its connected standby server has caught up with the primary. backup: This WAL sender is sending a backup. stopping: This WAL sender is stopping.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are: async: This standby server is asynchronous. potential: This standby server is now asynchronous, but can potentially become synchronous if one of current synchronous ones fails. sync: This standby server is synchronous. quorum: This standby server is considered as a candidate for quorum standbys.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"reply_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last reply message received from standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12252,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"reply_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last reply message received from standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_13_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12254,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"13.23","source_tag":"REL_13_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/13.json","sha256":"1128c8c796527aba4c5afab7f124048cbc2d967bf732f00d0fac9ccc52dc09ac","download":"/data/runtime/13.json","passed":true}},"14":{"description":"The pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"reply_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last reply message received from standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_14_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12440,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"14.24","source_tag":"REL_14_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/14.json","sha256":"a25b938143c5125bfde6d25e4cd5aed449d19541061f26ed83d315bc4ba93d5a","download":"/data/runtime/14.json","passed":true}},"15":{"description":"The pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"reply_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last reply message received from standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_15_19/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12227,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"15.19","source_tag":"REL_15_19","source_path":"sources/runtime/15.json","sha256":"d469cb73c6b268f38fb37f7023e41008cb63a56f2cb4c2df0bf529bc510fe459","download":"/data/runtime/15.json","passed":true}},"16":{"description":"The pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usesysid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"usename","type":"name","description":"Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"application_name","type":"text","description":"Name of the application that is connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_addr","type":"inet","description":"IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. If this field is null, it indicates that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.","hidden":false,"type_oid":869,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_hostname","type":"text","description":"Host name of the connected client, as reported by a reverse DNS lookup of client_addr. This field will only be non-null for IP connections, and only when log_hostname is enabled.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_port","type":"integer","description":"TCP port number that the client is using for communication with this WAL sender, or -1 if a Unix socket is used","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_start","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time when this process was started, i.e., when the client connected to this WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"backend_xmin","type":"xid","description":"This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback.","hidden":false,"type_oid":28,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"state","type":"text","description":"Current WAL sender state. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_write incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":15,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"flush_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it (but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level on incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":16,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"replay_lag","type":"interval","description":"Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that synchronous_commit level remote_apply incurred while committing if this server was configured as a synchronous standby.","hidden":false,"type_oid":1186,"attnum":17,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_priority","type":"integer","description":"Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication. This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":18,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sync_state","type":"text","description":"Synchronous state of this standby server. Possible values are:","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":19,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"reply_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last reply message received from standby server","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":20,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_16_15/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":20,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12227,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"16.15","source_tag":"REL_16_15","source_path":"sources/runtime/16.json","sha256":"f87a8cf739ef163be7d1f100058c92d656451325e603c920151f7dcaa5834a10","download":"/data/runtime/16.json","passed":true}},"17":{"description":"The pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. 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existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sent_location","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Last transaction log position sent on this connection","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.sent_location","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"write_location","type":"text","type_oid":25,"description":"Last transaction log position written to disk by this standby server","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L509","type_evidence":{"expression":"W.write_location","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","function":"pg_stat_get_wal_senders","function_source":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2549"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; 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See pg_stat_ssl for details.","first_version":"9.5","last_version":"19","versions":{"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"clientdn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11780,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"clientdn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11808,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"clientdn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11696,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"clientdn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11764,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":9,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12262,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_13_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":9,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12267,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"13.23","source_tag":"REL_13_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/13.json","sha256":"1128c8c796527aba4c5afab7f124048cbc2d967bf732f00d0fac9ccc52dc09ac","download":"/data/runtime/13.json","passed":true}},"14":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_14_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12458,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"14.24","source_tag":"REL_14_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/14.json","sha256":"a25b938143c5125bfde6d25e4cd5aed449d19541061f26ed83d315bc4ba93d5a","download":"/data/runtime/14.json","passed":true}},"15":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_15_19/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12249,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"15.19","source_tag":"REL_15_19","source_path":"sources/runtime/15.json","sha256":"d469cb73c6b268f38fb37f7023e41008cb63a56f2cb4c2df0bf529bc510fe459","download":"/data/runtime/15.json","passed":true}},"16":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_16_15/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12249,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"16.15","source_tag":"REL_16_15","source_path":"sources/runtime/16.json","sha256":"f87a8cf739ef163be7d1f100058c92d656451325e603c920151f7dcaa5834a10","download":"/data/runtime/16.json","passed":true}},"17":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/17/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_17_11/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/17/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12249,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"17.11","source_tag":"REL_17_11","source_path":"sources/runtime/17.json","sha256":"653a238d16492defd799badc4120c64fc82adc0f35b8229bc75bbc9082e26f36","download":"/data/runtime/17.json","passed":true}},"18":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/18/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_18_6/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/18/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12253,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"18.6","source_tag":"REL_18_6","source_path":"sources/runtime/18.json","sha256":"e5d02941f7df86ec76afd1483b9f4e940c2c145a900bb1bf32b4feff992800bf","download":"/data/runtime/18.json","passed":true}},"19":{"description":"The pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/19/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/19/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_19_BETA3/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/19/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":8,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12275,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"19beta3","source_tag":"REL_19_BETA3","source_path":"sources/runtime/19.json","sha256":"2d1f0c65a5fa656dc86cb9648f80baee3654b976dc6ba69190cd1d49c61e6d9a","download":"/data/runtime/19.json","passed":true}}},"changes":[{"from":"9.4","to":"9.5","status":"added","added_columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"ssl","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL is used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"version","type":"text","description":"Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"cipher","type":"text","description":"Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"bits","type":"integer","description":"Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL if SSL is not used on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"clientdn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.5","to":"9.6","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"9.6","to":"10","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"11","to":"12","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"client_dn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build).","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"client_serial","type":"numeric","description":"Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial numbers).","hidden":false,"type_oid":1700,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"issuer_dn","type":"text","description":"DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated like client_dn.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[{"name":"clientdn","type":"text","description":"Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the DN field is longer than NAMEDATALEN (64 characters in a standard build)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"12","to":"13","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":true,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"13","to":"14","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[{"name":"compression","type":"boolean","description":"True if SSL compression is in use, false if not, or NULL if SSL is not in use on this connection","hidden":false,"type_oid":16,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true}]},{"name":"pg_stat_subscription","kind":"statistics","summary":"At least one row per subscription, showing information about the subscription workers. See pg_stat_subscription for details.","first_version":"10","last_version":"19","versions":{"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"subid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"subname","type":"name","description":"Name of the subscription","documented_type":"text","schema_note":"SQL type calibrated against format_type in a fresh instance of the exact release; original documentation spelling is retained.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the subscription worker process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; null for the main apply worker","documented_type":"Oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location received, the initial value of this field being 0","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":9,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11693,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"subid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"subname","type":"name","description":"Name of the subscription","documented_type":"text","schema_note":"SQL type calibrated against format_type in a fresh instance of the exact release; original documentation spelling is retained.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the subscription worker process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; null for the main apply worker","documented_type":"Oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location received, the initial value of this field being 0","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":9,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11761,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"subid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"subname","type":"name","description":"Name of the subscription","documented_type":"text","schema_note":"SQL type calibrated against format_type in a fresh instance of the exact release; original documentation spelling is retained.","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the subscription worker process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; null for the main apply worker","documented_type":"Oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location received, the initial value of this field being 0","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":9,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12259,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.","columns":[{"name":"subid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"subname","type":"name","description":"Name of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the subscription worker process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; null for the main apply worker","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location received, the initial value of this field being 0","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION","source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_13_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":9,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12264,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"13.23","source_tag":"REL_13_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/13.json","sha256":"1128c8c796527aba4c5afab7f124048cbc2d967bf732f00d0fac9ccc52dc09ac","download":"/data/runtime/13.json","passed":true}},"14":{"description":"The pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.","columns":[{"name":"subid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"subname","type":"name","description":"Name of the subscription","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the subscription worker process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. 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However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. 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Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. 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This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11198,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11300,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11793,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11821,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11709,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11777,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"funcid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a function","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this function is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"funcname","type":"name","description":"Name of this function","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"calls","type":"bigint","description":"Number of times this function has been called","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"total_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"self_time","type":"double precision","description":"Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds","hidden":false,"type_oid":701,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":6,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12279,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. 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However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the WAL receiver process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"status","type":"text","description":"Activity status of the WAL receiver process","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"receive_start_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"First transaction log position used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"receive_start_tli","type":"integer","description":"First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position already received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the first log position used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_tli","type":"integer","description":"Timeline number of last transaction log position received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the timeline number of the first log position used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last transaction log position reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last transaction log position reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slot_name","type":"text","description":"Replication slot name used by this WAL receiver","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conninfo","type":"text","description":"Connection string used by this WAL receiver, with security-sensitive fields obfuscated.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":12,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11805,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the WAL receiver process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"status","type":"text","description":"Activity status of the WAL receiver process","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"receive_start_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"First write-ahead log location used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"receive_start_tli","type":"integer","description":"First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location already received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the first log location used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_tli","type":"integer","description":"Timeline number of last write-ahead log location received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the timeline number of the first log location used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slot_name","type":"text","description":"Replication slot name used by this WAL receiver","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conninfo","type":"text","description":"Connection string used by this WAL receiver, with security-sensitive fields obfuscated.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":12,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11690,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"pid","type":"integer","description":"Process ID of the WAL receiver process","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"status","type":"text","description":"Activity status of the WAL receiver process","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"receive_start_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"First write-ahead log location used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"receive_start_tli","type":"integer","description":"First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location already received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the first log location used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"received_tli","type":"integer","description":"Timeline number of last write-ahead log location received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the timeline number of the first log location used when WAL receiver is started","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_send_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"last_msg_receipt_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_lsn","type":"pg_lsn","description":"Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":3220,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"latest_end_time","type":"timestamp with time zone","description":"Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender","hidden":false,"type_oid":1184,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"slot_name","type":"text","description":"Replication slot name used by this WAL receiver","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sender_host","type":"text","description":"Host of the PostgreSQL instance this WAL receiver is connected to. This can be a host name, an IP address, or a directory path if the connection is via Unix socket. (The path case can be distinguished because it will always be an absolute path, beginning with /.)","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":12,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"sender_port","type":"integer","description":"Port number of the PostgreSQL instance this WAL receiver is connected to.","hidden":false,"type_oid":23,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"conninfo","type":"text","description":"Connection string used by this WAL receiver, with security-sensitive fields obfuscated.","hidden":false,"type_oid":25,"attnum":14,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":14,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11758,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11145,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11166,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11263,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11752,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11777,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11662,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11730,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12228,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_13_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12230,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"13.23","source_tag":"REL_13_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/13.json","sha256":"1128c8c796527aba4c5afab7f124048cbc2d967bf732f00d0fac9ccc52dc09ac","download":"/data/runtime/13.json","passed":true}},"14":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_14_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/14/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12409,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"14.24","source_tag":"REL_14_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/14.json","sha256":"a25b938143c5125bfde6d25e4cd5aed449d19541061f26ed83d315bc4ba93d5a","download":"/data/runtime/14.json","passed":true}},"15":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_15_19/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/15/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12196,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"15.19","source_tag":"REL_15_19","source_path":"sources/runtime/15.json","sha256":"d469cb73c6b268f38fb37f7023e41008cb63a56f2cb4c2df0bf529bc510fe459","download":"/data/runtime/15.json","passed":true}},"16":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelid","type":"oid","description":"OID of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this index is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of the table for this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"indexrelname","type":"name","description":"Name of this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this index","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_16_15/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/16/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":7,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12196,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"16.15","source_tag":"REL_16_15","source_path":"sources/runtime/16.json","sha256":"f87a8cf739ef163be7d1f100058c92d656451325e603c920151f7dcaa5834a10","download":"/data/runtime/16.json","passed":true}},"17":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. 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Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. 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However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11155,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11176,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11273,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11762,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11787,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11672,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":5,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11740,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema this sequence is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this sequence","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this 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existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L221","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(T.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3012"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table index (if any)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L221","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(X.oid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(X.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3010"},{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3012"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table index (if any)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L221","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(X.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L3012"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L221","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_0_23","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_0_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.0/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11019,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.0.23","source_tag":"REL9_0_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.0.json","sha256":"6139872c8de09100e6a78d61dfe2772a7bf0db644bdee9a580993294c37b94f8","download":"/data/runtime/9.0.json","passed":true}},"9.1":{"description":"For each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), the table OID, schema and table name, number of disk blocks read from that table, number of buffer hits, numbers of disk blocks read and buffer hits in all indexes of that table, numbers of disk blocks read and buffer hits from that table's auxiliary TOAST table (if any), and numbers of disk blocks read and buffer hits for the TOAST table's index.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","type_oid":26,"description":"OID of a table","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","type_evidence":{"expression":"C.oid","method":"catalog_oid_system_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.oid"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","type_evidence":{"expression":"N.nspname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_namespace.nspname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-namespace.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","type_oid":19,"description":"Name of this table","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","type_evidence":{"expression":"C.relname","method":"catalog_name_column","catalog_field":"pg_class.relname","catalog_source":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-class.html"},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; 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existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","type_evidence":{"expression":"sum(pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(I.indexrelid))::bigint","method":"explicit_bigint_cast_and_bigint_arithmetic","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2527"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched(T.oid) - pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(T.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_fetched","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2525"},{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2527"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; 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existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","type_oid":20,"description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table index (if any)","source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","type_evidence":{"expression":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit(X.oid)","method":"sql_projection_and_function_signatures","functions":[{"name":"pg_stat_get_blocks_hit","return_oid":20,"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h#L2527"}]},"description_source":{"version":"9.2","url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","method":"later_documentation_exact_column_name","note":"Explanation borrowed from later documentation; existence, order, and type come only from this version's source."},"hidden":false,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql#L380","documentation_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","extraction_method":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_1_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.1/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"release_source_sql_and_pg_proc_header","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","relation_oid":11056,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.1.24","source_tag":"REL9_1_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.1.json","sha256":"cc91915f2ee13a93e1d465c259e56cd77b83b10f984ec2a363292bc5dff0c460","download":"/data/runtime/9.1.json","passed":true}},"9.2":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table index (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table index (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_2_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.2/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11125,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.2.24","source_tag":"REL9_2_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.2.json","sha256":"aaa5df7d5bba5dacf1915b63ac57b761b023daa091509426412d523a019ec64e","download":"/data/runtime/9.2.json","passed":true}},"9.3":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table index (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table index (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_3_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.3/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11146,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.3.25","source_tag":"REL9_3_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.3.json","sha256":"1ed860ab5aca75ba818d25968ea7c48c2e4b3e53e6acef09dee8c5299e9dee8d","download":"/data/runtime/9.3.json","passed":true}},"9.4":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor current activity, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used via either simple index scans or \"bitmap\" index scans. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_4_26/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.4/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11243,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.4.26","source_tag":"REL9_4_26","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.4.json","sha256":"a831c730344da5b72dcf38acfd9849752eb92ab65e11a19d5b29241e4d18fbfa","download":"/data/runtime/9.4.json","passed":true}},"9.5":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_5_25/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.5/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11732,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.5.25","source_tag":"REL9_5_25","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.5.json","sha256":"e88dd015104edee6f75859dd866ada89d75b64ed659d06fca75fdc32a8710073","download":"/data/runtime/9.5.json","passed":true}},"9.6":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28-1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28-2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, \"bitmap\" index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/monitoring-stats.html#docContent","source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL9_6_24/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/9.6/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11757,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"9.6.24","source_tag":"REL9_6_24","source_path":"sources/runtime/9.6.json","sha256":"1ca8f057346ec95060d5998a8bb78c0edbe82ab6f9a7dce97161db42175f720b","download":"/data/runtime/9.6.json","passed":true}},"10":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_10_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/10/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11642,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"10.23","source_tag":"REL_10_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/10.json","sha256":"771b47d523345a747771212e1906232069144bcea51701d02d27f77642e513d4","download":"/data/runtime/10.json","passed":true}},"11":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 28.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 28.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 28.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_11_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/11/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":11710,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"11.22","source_tag":"REL_11_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/11.json","sha256":"66d6fe23f7308835f6a534793a8c5ffaec8760b9c1b0a4e753271992b6838f5f","download":"/data/runtime/11.json","passed":true}},"12":{"description":"Several predefined views, listed in Table 27.1, are available to show the current state of the system. There are also several other views, listed in Table 27.2, available to show the results of statistics collection. Alternatively, one can build custom views using the underlying statistics functions, as discussed in Section 27.2.3.\n\nWhen using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Each individual server process transmits new statistical counts to the collector just before going idle; so a query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals. Also, the collector itself emits a new report at most once per PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL milliseconds (500 ms unless altered while building the server). So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However, current-query information collected by track_activities is always up-to-date.\n\nAnother important point is that when a server process is asked to display any of these statistics, it first fetches the most recent report emitted by the collector process and then continues to use this snapshot for all statistical views and functions until the end of its current transaction. So the statistics will show static information as long as you continue the current transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you. But if you want to see new results with each query, be sure to do the queries outside any transaction block. Alternatively, you can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot(), which will discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot (if any). The next use of statistical information will cause a new snapshot to be fetched.\n\nA transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. These numbers do not act as stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.\n\nSome of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in Table 27.1 is security restricted. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user and database are visible to all users. Superusers and members of the built-in role pg_read_all_stats (see also Section 21.5) can see all the information about all sessions.\n\nThe per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are.\n\nThe pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the entire story: due to the way in which PostgreSQL handles disk I/O, data that is not in the PostgreSQL buffer cache might still reside in the kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O.\n\nThe pg_stat_activity view will have one row per server process, showing information related to the current activity of that process.\n\nHere is an example of how wait events can be viewed\n\nThe pg_stat_replication view will contain one row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.\n\nThe lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the replay_lag column approximates the delay before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be displayed for a short time and then show NULL.\n\nLag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag.\n\nThe pg_stat_wal_receiver view will contain only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's connected server.\n\nThe pg_stat_subscription view will contain one row per subscription for main worker (with null PID if the worker is not running), and additional rows for workers handling the initial data copy of the subscribed tables.\n\nThe pg_stat_ssl view will contain one row per backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_gssapi view will contain one row per backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can be joined to pg_stat_activity or pg_stat_replication on the pid column to get more details about the connection.\n\nThe pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster.\n\nThe pg_stat_database view will contain one row for each database in the cluster, plus one for the shared objects, showing database-wide statistics.\n\nThe pg_stat_database_conflicts view will contain one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_stat_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The pg_stat_user_indexes and pg_stat_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nIndexes can be used by simple index scans, “bitmap” index scans, and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules, so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap scan increments the pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_read count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the pg_stat_all_tables.idx_tup_fetch count for the table, but it does not affect pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_tup_fetch. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_indexes view will contain one row for each index in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The pg_statio_user_indexes and pg_statio_sys_indexes views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.\n\nThe pg_statio_all_sequences view will contain one row for each sequence in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.\n\nThe pg_stat_user_functions view will contain one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of that function. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_12_22/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/12/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12208,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"12.22","source_tag":"REL_12_22","source_path":"sources/runtime/12.json","sha256":"9dc5a3cca5c6c3412ee36e22ae90b8a30048e5a3e1fecbc3890f2a3a52fef2e2","download":"/data/runtime/12.json","passed":true}},"13":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The pg_statio_user_tables and pg_statio_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.","columns":[{"name":"relid","type":"oid","description":"OID of a table","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":1,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"schemaname","type":"name","description":"Name of the schema that this table is in","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":2,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"relname","type":"name","description":"Name of this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":19,"attnum":3,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":4,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"heap_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":5,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":6,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"idx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":7,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":8,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"toast_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":9,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_read","type":"bigint","description":"Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":10,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false},{"name":"tidx_blks_hit","type":"bigint","description":"Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)","hidden":false,"type_oid":20,"attnum":11,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":false}],"source_url":"https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/monitoring-stats.html#PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW","source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/monitoring-stats.html","schema_source":"runtime+documentation","definition_source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/postgres/postgres/REL_13_23/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql","definition_source_path":"sources/postgresql/13/source/system_views.sql","source_column_count":11,"documentary_schema_source":"documentation","relation_oid":12210,"shared":false,"relkind":"v","system_columns":[],"runtime_validation":{"release":"13.23","source_tag":"REL_13_23","source_path":"sources/runtime/13.json","sha256":"1128c8c796527aba4c5afab7f124048cbc2d967bf732f00d0fac9ccc52dc09ac","download":"/data/runtime/13.json","passed":true}},"14":{"description":"The pg_statio_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. 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If the type does not support collations, this will be zero. A base type that supports collations will have DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID here. A domain over a collatable type can have some other collation OID, if one was specified for the domain.","references":"pg_collation.oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":26,"attnum":27,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":true}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[{"name":"typdefaultbin","from":"text","to":"pg_node_tree"}],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 45-45.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 45-49."},{"name":"typdefault","from":"typdefault is null if the type has no associated default value. If typdefaultbin is not null, typdefault must contain a human-readable version of the default expression represented by typdefaultbin. If typdefaultbin is null and typdefault is not, then typdefault is the external representation of the type's default value, which might be fed to the type's input converter to produce a constant.","to":"typdefault is null if the type has no associated default value. If typdefaultbin is not null, typdefault must contain a human-readable version of the default expression represented by typdefaultbin. If typdefaultbin is null and typdefault is not, then typdefault is the external representation of the type's default value, which can be fed to the type's input converter to produce a constant."},{"name":"typndims","from":"typndims is the number of array dimensions for a domain that is an array (that is, typbasetype is an array type; the domain's typelem will match the base type's typelem). Zero for types other than domains over array types.","to":"typndims is the number of array dimensions for a domain over an array (that is, typbasetype is an array type). Zero for types other than domains over array types."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.1","to":"9.2","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"typacl","type":"aclitem[]","description":"Access privileges; see GRANT and REVOKE for details","hidden":false,"type_oid":1034,"attnum":30,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":1,"not_null":false}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 45-49.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 45-51."},{"name":"typtype","from":"typtype is b for a base type, c for a composite type (e.g., a table's row type), d for a domain, e for an enum type, or p for a pseudo-type. See also typrelid and typbasetype.","to":"typtype is b for a base type, c for a composite type (e.g., a table's row type), d for a domain, e for an enum type, p for a pseudo-type, or r for a range type. See also typrelid and typbasetype."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"9.2","to":"9.3","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"oid","from":"Row identifier (hidden system attribute; explicitly select oid).","to":"Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 45-51.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 47-52."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"9.3","to":"9.4","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 47-52.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 48-53."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"9.4","to":"9.5","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 48-53.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 49-55."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"9.5","to":"9.6","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 49-55.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 50-56."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"9.6","to":"10","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typalign","from":"typalign is the alignment required when storing a value of this type. It applies to storage on disk as well as most representations of the value inside PostgreSQL. When multiple values are stored consecutively, such as in the representation of a complete row on disk, padding is inserted before a datum of this type so that it begins on the specified boundary. The alignment reference is the beginning of the first datum in the sequence. Possible values are: c = char alignment, i.e., no alignment needed. s = short alignment (2 bytes on most machines). i = int alignment (4 bytes on most machines). d = double alignment (8 bytes on many machines, but by no means all). Note: For types used in system tables, it is critical that the size and alignment defined in pg_type agree with the way that the compiler will lay out the column in a structure representing a table row.","to":"typalign is the alignment required when storing a value of this type. It applies to storage on disk as well as most representations of the value inside PostgreSQL. When multiple values are stored consecutively, such as in the representation of a complete row on disk, padding is inserted before a datum of this type so that it begins on the specified boundary. The alignment reference is the beginning of the first datum in the sequence. Possible values are: c = char alignment, i.e., no alignment needed. s = short alignment (2 bytes on most machines). i = int alignment (4 bytes on most machines). d = double alignment (8 bytes on many machines, but by no means all). Note For types used in system tables, it is critical that the size and alignment defined in pg_type agree with the way that the compiler will lay out the column in a structure representing a table row."},{"name":"typarray","from":"If typarray is not 0 then it identifies another row in pg_type, which is the \"true\" array type having this type as element","to":"If typarray is not 0 then it identifies another row in pg_type, which is the “true” array type having this type as element"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be \"preferred\". See Table 50-56.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.63."},{"name":"typelem","from":"If typelem is not 0 then it identifies another row in pg_type. The current type can then be subscripted like an array yielding values of type typelem. A \"true\" array type is variable length (typlen = -1), but some fixed-length (typlen > 0) types also have nonzero typelem, for example name and point. If a fixed-length type has a typelem then its internal representation must be some number of values of the typelem data type with no other data. Variable-length array types have a header defined by the array subroutines.","to":"If typelem is not 0 then it identifies another row in pg_type. The current type can then be subscripted like an array yielding values of type typelem. A “true” array type is variable length (typlen = -1), but some fixed-length (typlen > 0) types also have nonzero typelem, for example name and point. If a fixed-length type has a typelem then its internal representation must be some number of values of the typelem data type with no other data. Variable-length array types have a header defined by the array subroutines."},{"name":"typlen","from":"For a fixed-size type, typlen is the number of bytes in the internal representation of the type. But for a variable-length type, typlen is negative. -1 indicates a \"varlena\" type (one that has a length word), -2 indicates a null-terminated C string.","to":"For a fixed-size type, typlen is the number of bytes in the internal representation of the type. But for a variable-length type, typlen is negative. -1 indicates a “varlena” type (one that has a length word), -2 indicates a null-terminated C string."},{"name":"typstorage","from":"typstorage tells for varlena types (those with typlen = -1) if the type is prepared for toasting and what the default strategy for attributes of this type should be. Possible values are p: Value must always be stored plain. e: Value can be stored in a \"secondary\" relation (if relation has one, see pg_class.reltoastrelid). m: Value can be stored compressed inline. x: Value can be stored compressed inline or stored in \"secondary\" storage. Note that m columns can also be moved out to secondary storage, but only as a last resort (e and x columns are moved first).","to":"typstorage tells for varlena types (those with typlen = -1) if the type is prepared for toasting and what the default strategy for attributes of this type should be. Possible values are p: Value must always be stored plain. e: Value can be stored in a “secondary” relation (if relation has one, see pg_class.reltoastrelid). m: Value can be stored compressed inline. x: Value can be stored compressed inline or stored in “secondary” storage. Note that m columns can also be moved out to secondary storage, but only as a last resort (e and x columns are moved first)."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"10","to":"11","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.63.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 52.63."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"11","to":"12","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"oid","from":"Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)","to":"Row identifier"},{"name":"typacl","from":"Access privileges; see GRANT and REVOKE for details","to":"Access privileges; see Section 5.7 for details"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 52.63.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.64."},{"name":"typcollation","from":"typcollation specifies the collation of the type. If the type does not support collations, this will be zero. A base type that supports collations will have DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID here. A domain over a collatable type can have some other collation OID, if one was specified for the domain.","to":"typcollation specifies the collation of the type. If the type does not support collations, this will be zero. A base type that supports collations will have a nonzero value here, typically DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID. A domain over a collatable type can have a collation OID different from its base type's, if one was specified for the domain."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[{"name":"oid","attribute":"hidden","from":true,"to":false}],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"12","to":"13","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typalign","from":"typalign is the alignment required when storing a value of this type. It applies to storage on disk as well as most representations of the value inside PostgreSQL. When multiple values are stored consecutively, such as in the representation of a complete row on disk, padding is inserted before a datum of this type so that it begins on the specified boundary. The alignment reference is the beginning of the first datum in the sequence. Possible values are: c = char alignment, i.e., no alignment needed. s = short alignment (2 bytes on most machines). i = int alignment (4 bytes on most machines). d = double alignment (8 bytes on many machines, but by no means all). Note For types used in system tables, it is critical that the size and alignment defined in pg_type agree with the way that the compiler will lay out the column in a structure representing a table row.","to":"typalign is the alignment required when storing a value of this type. It applies to storage on disk as well as most representations of the value inside PostgreSQL. When multiple values are stored consecutively, such as in the representation of a complete row on disk, padding is inserted before a datum of this type so that it begins on the specified boundary. The alignment reference is the beginning of the first datum in the sequence. Possible values are:"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.64.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.63."},{"name":"typstorage","from":"typstorage tells for varlena types (those with typlen = -1) if the type is prepared for toasting and what the default strategy for attributes of this type should be. Possible values are p: Value must always be stored plain. e: Value can be stored in a “secondary” relation (if relation has one, see pg_class.reltoastrelid). m: Value can be stored compressed inline. x: Value can be stored compressed inline or stored in “secondary” storage. Note that m columns can also be moved out to secondary storage, but only as a last resort (e and x columns are moved first).","to":"typstorage tells for varlena types (those with typlen = -1) if the type is prepared for toasting and what the default strategy for attributes of this type should be. Possible values are: x is the usual choice for toast-able types. Note that m values can also be moved out to secondary storage, but only as a last resort (e and x values are moved first)."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"13","to":"14","status":"changed","added_columns":[{"name":"typsubscript","type":"regproc","description":"Subscripting handler function's OID, or zero if this type doesn't support subscripting. Types that are “true” array types have typsubscript = array_subscript_handler, but other types may have other handler functions to implement specialized subscripting behavior.","references":"pg_proc.oid","hidden":false,"type_oid":24,"attnum":13,"type_modifier":-1,"array_dimensions":0,"not_null":true}],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typanalyze","from":"Custom ANALYZE function, or 0 to use the standard function","to":"Custom ANALYZE function, or zero to use the standard function"},{"name":"typarray","from":"If typarray is not 0 then it identifies another row in pg_type, which is the “true” array type having this type as element","to":"If typarray is not zero then it identifies another row in pg_type, which is the “true” array type having this type as element"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.63.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 52.63."},{"name":"typelem","from":"If typelem is not 0 then it identifies another row in pg_type. The current type can then be subscripted like an array yielding values of type typelem. A “true” array type is variable length (typlen = -1), but some fixed-length (typlen > 0) types also have nonzero typelem, for example name and point. If a fixed-length type has a typelem then its internal representation must be some number of values of the typelem data type with no other data. Variable-length array types have a header defined by the array subroutines.","to":"If typelem is not zero then it identifies another row in pg_type, defining the type yielded by subscripting. This should be zero if typsubscript is zero. However, it can be zero when typsubscript isn't zero, if the handler doesn't need typelem to determine the subscripting result type. Note that a typelem dependency is considered to imply physical containment of the element type in this type; so DDL changes on the element type might be restricted by the presence of this type."},{"name":"typmodin","from":"Type modifier input function, or 0 if type does not support modifiers","to":"Type modifier input function, or zero if type does not support modifiers"},{"name":"typmodout","from":"Type modifier output function, or 0 to use the standard format","to":"Type modifier output function, or zero to use the standard format"},{"name":"typreceive","from":"Input conversion function (binary format), or 0 if none","to":"Input conversion function (binary format), or zero if none"},{"name":"typsend","from":"Output conversion function (binary format), or 0 if none","to":"Output conversion function (binary format), or zero if none"},{"name":"typtype","from":"typtype is b for a base type, c for a composite type (e.g., a table's row type), d for a domain, e for an enum type, p for a pseudo-type, or r for a range type. See also typrelid and typbasetype.","to":"typtype is b for a base type, c for a composite type (e.g., a table's row type), d for a domain, e for an enum type, p for a pseudo-type, r for a range type, or m for a multirange type. See also typrelid and typbasetype."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":true},{"from":"14","to":"15","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 52.63.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 53.65."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"16","to":"17","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typacl","from":"Access privileges; see Section 5.7 for details","to":"Access privileges; see Section 5.8 for details"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 53.65.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.65."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"17","to":"18","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 51.65.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 52.65."}],"reference_changes":[],"attribute_changes":[],"relation_description_changed":false,"column_order_changed":false,"structural":false},{"from":"18","to":"19","status":"changed","added_columns":[],"removed_columns":[],"type_changes":[],"description_changes":[{"name":"typacl","from":"Access privileges; see Section 5.8 for details","to":"Access privileges; see Section 5.9 for details"},{"name":"typcategory","from":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. See Table 52.65.","to":"typcategory is an arbitrary classification of data types that is used by the parser to determine which implicit casts should be “preferred”. 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